Significant improvements in the symptoms were obtained by each drug with low frequency of adverse events. In particular, oral JAK inhibitors have the ability to improve the pruritus and skin symptoms quickly. Therefore, the emergence of these topical and oral JAK inhibitors would be regarded as an innovation in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Highlights:
•AZI pretreatment deteriorates the TMA-induced AD-like symptoms in mice.
•AZI pretreatment promoted the infiltration of immune cells in the skins of AD mice.
•AZI pretreatment exacerbated cytokine imbalances in the skin and serum in AD mice.
•AZI depleted three short-chain fatty acids producing gut bacterial genera.
•...

Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of L. rubellus extract in patients with AD is quite effective.

Collectively, our findings illustrate a new fundamental step that governs the release of NETs and points to HDAC inhibitors as therapeutic agents that may be used to protect against ARDS and sepsis.

Conclusions and relevance: In this cohort study, atopic dermatitis was associated with shorter stature, higher BMI, and lower weight in early childhood, but these associations were small and, for height and BMI, attenuated with age and resolved by adolescence.